Technology for Wood and Natural Fiber-Based Materials

Coniferous woods have been the preferred timber up until now, but their availability in Germany is decreasing, thereby favoring that of hardwood. The objective of this collaborative project is the development of a procedure for the more efficient production of veneers as well as the production of durable materials on the basis of beech wood. This is intended to preserve or even increase the proportion of wood in the construction sector. At the Fraunhofer WKI, the focus is placed upon the avoidance of peeling cracks and product testing.

For the design of components made from laminated wood-based materials, mechanical properties are necessary. Until now, these have been defined for each material. Based on studies of mechanical and hygric properties of laminated materials made from beech, we are developing a simpler procedure with the aim of widening the application of laminated wood-based materials in the construction sector.

The application of sugar beet pulp in composite materials or as a component of plastic films will provide sugar beet producers with new fields of business in the future and reduces the consumption of fossil raw materials. The Fraunhofer Institutes UMSICHT and WKI are working together with partners from agriculture and industry to investigate innovative and economical usage possibilities for beet pulp.

We are developing a new material for beehives as a bio-based alternative and testing this new material for its suitability in practice. It must meet the necessary requirements of a beehive whilst simultaneously combining the advantages of the materials used up until now - wood and expanded polystyrene - and also minimizing their specific disadvantages.

There have recently been many enquiries as to whether wood-plastic composites (WPC) can be equipped with a flame retardant. Many construction applications are already subject to legal restrictions pertaining to fire safety. Common flame retardants are detrimental to WPC’s mechanical properties and have to be applied in large quantities to be effective. The aim of this project is to develop new kinds of flame retardants which perform better.

In this EU-funded research project from the program "Research for the benefit of SMEs" (FP7-SME-2012-314294), a moisture-resistant WPC material is being developed for use in furniture.  

We are developing a environmentally-friendly wood foam-textile-reinforced concrete sandwich element for exterior walls of energy-efficient buildings with small component thickness.

We are developing a climate-friendly packaging material made primarily from residual agricultural materials such as corn cobs and other lignocellulose-based materials such as wood. It can be recycled together with cardboard secondary packaging.

The project sounds incredible: is it possible to foam wood? As part of an internal pre-research project, the Fraunhofer WKI has developed innovative methods which enable the production of foams from pure wood.

A new method was implemented in order to produce aminoplastic resins on the basis of melamine and alternative aldehydes and to apply these as adhesives for wood materials and decorative coatings.

Building upon the knowledge gained from a prior project, the development of formaldehyde-free, low-cost (compared to melamine resins) urea resins for use as adhesives in wood-based materials and as impregnation resins for decorative paper coatings now seems promising.

In this project, we are currently developing binding agents which use formaldehyde-free resins based on melamine and naphthalene with improved characteristics for construction applications.

The collective term "waste wood" is used to denote all woods and wood-based products whose end of life as a product has been reached and which therefore fall under the definition of waste. Sources of raw materials which have, until now, only been insufficiently utilized should now be developed.

The Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research WKI is responsible for research on the waste wood cascade demonstrator. The aim of the project is to develop methods and technologies that the usable amount of pure wood fraction increases significantly in the future. Moreover, adhering to the timber contamination, coatings and ingredients to be detected and also recycled.

Wind turbines are producing increasing quantities of sustainable electricity. The recycling of the rotor blades, however, has been very complicated and expensive up until now. We are developing an innovative recycling technology for the recovery of balsa wood and plastic foam from the rotor blades as well as recycling procedures for these recyclates, in order to utilize them in the production of new, improved insulation and building materials.

Due to both the globalization of the timber trade and climate change, there is an increasing risk of wood-destroying insect species being introduced and spreading rapidly, thereby causing extensive damage to German forests. Previous control procedures for the timber trade are not sufficient. The objective of our research project is to therefore develop an effective control procedure in order to provide support for the timber trade and the forestry sector.

Under the leadership of the Fraunhofer WKI, a consortium of twelve research institutes is conducting interdisciplinary research into holistic solutions in order to significantly increase the application of insulation materials made from renewable raw materials. Within the Fraunhofer WKI, four departments are participating in the project. In our department we are working on the project segments “Thermal insulation” and “Moisture protection”.

Destroyed rotor blades from wind turbines, lying in fields, can be the result of manufacturing defects or unrecognized signs of fatigue. In order to prevent this, we have developed, together with partners from the industry, a system which enables the non-destructive inspection of the mounted rotor blades. Dismantling of the blades is thereby unnecessary.