Services - Fraunhofer WKI

Synthesis and development

Synthesis of monomers and polymers

Customized modification of renewable raw materials such as sugars, fatty acids and lignins
Polyesters, polyurethanes, alkyds, poly(meth)acrylates, sugar acrylates, polyitaconates, polyvinyl acetates, UV-crosslinking polymers
Dispersions
Functionalized and switchable polymers

Development of coatings

Coatings on the basis of renewable raw materials
Aqueous and solvent-containing coatings in accordance with Decopaint and VOC guidelines
Interior coatings, exterior coatings
Functional coatings (antimicrobial, hydrophobic, flame-retardant, adhesion to PE, PP)

Development of printing inks and 3D-printing materials

UV-curable printing inks, thermoplastic screen-printing inks
UV-curable 3D-printing materials for SLA, DLP and MJM
Bio-based materials for FFM

Development of adhesives

Dispersion adhesives
Hotmelts / reactive hotmelts
1 and 2-component PUR adhesives
UV-curable adhesives
Formaldehyde-free amino resins

Application and testing methods

Coatings

Coating laboratory with handling robot, equipped with modern application technology
Roller coating
Automatic film applicator
UV/IR convection dryer

3D printing

Production of filaments for FFM printing and printing of test specimens and small components
UV printing using an SLA printer (13 x 13 x 18 cm, 405 nm, 70-micron laser)

Analytics

Determination of viscosities in accordance with DIN 53019, DIN EN ISO 2884-1, DIN EN ISO 2431
Determination of density in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2811, DIN 53217
Determination of particle size and zeta potential
Measurements using UV/VIS spectrophotometer with integrating sphere in the wave range from 280 to 720 nm
Determination of molar mass and molar mass distribution
Determination of surface tension
Determination of minimum film-forming temperature in accordance with DIN ISO 2115
Adhesive analytics: We implement a range of methods for the characterization of reactive resins such as UF, MUF, PF and other adhesive systems. Listed below is a selection of analytical methods which we offer to our customers. Upon request, we are also able to offer further analytical methods.

Properties	Areas of application	Method
Molar ratio U:F	UF / MUF	According to Kjehldahl
Free formaldehyde	UF / MUF / PF / PRF / MUPF	DIN EN 1243
Free isocyanate	PMDI / PUR	DIN EN 1242
Gel time	All adhesives	DIN 16945, DIN 16916
Viscosity	All adhesives	DIN 12092 / ISO 2555
Average molar mass ratio/chain length	UF / MUF	DIN 55672
Acid value	All adhesives	DIN EN 1241
Minimum film-forming temperature	Dispersion adhesives	DIN ISO 2115
Pot life	All adhesives	DIN EN 14022
Water tolerance	UF /MUF / PF / Dispersion adhesives
Alkali content	PF / PRF	DIN EN 1240
Melting point/softening range	All adhesives	DIN EN ISO 10363
Heat capacity/reaction heat	All adhesives	By means of DSC
Determination of composition	All adhesives	TGA-FTIR-MS analysis

Test procedure

Natural weathering (45° and 90°) and artificial weathering (QUV, XENON)
Mechanical, chemical and physical measuring methods, including temperature-dependent stress-strain diagrams, DMA, FTIR microscopy, paint analysis, MFT, pendulum hardness
Product testing and monitoring
Development of new methods for the determination of paint aging
Committee functions (CEN/TC 139/WG 2 and DIN NA 002-00-15 AA “Coatings for masonry”)

Natural and artificial weathering

Standard	Group	Title
DIN EN 927-3	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
DIN EN 927-6	Paints and varnishes	Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 6: Exposure of wood coatings to artificial weathering using fluorescent UV lamps and water
DIN EN ISO 2810	Paints and varnishes	Paints and varnishes - Natural weathering of coatings - Exposure and assessment
DIN EN ISO 4892-1	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance
DIN EN ISO 4892-2	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
DIN EN ISO 4892-3	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
DIN EN ISO 16474-2	Paints and varnishes	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
DIN EN ISO 16474-3	Paints and varnishes	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps

Testing of coatings

Standard	Group	Title
DIN 55653	Paints and varnishes	Determination of settling
DIN 68861-1	Furniture surfaces	Furniture surfaces – Part 1: Behaviour at chemical influence
DIN 68861-7	Furniture surfaces	Furniture surfaces – Part 7: Behaviour subjection to dry heat
DIN 68861-8	Furniture surfaces	Furniture surfaces – Part 8: Behaviour subjection to wet heat
DIN EN 927-1	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 1: Classification and selection
DIN EN 927-2	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 2: Performance specification
DIN EN 927-3	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
DIN EN 927-5	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 5: Assessment of the liquid water permeability
DIN EN 927-6	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 6: Exposure of wood coatings to artificial weathering using fluorescent UV lamps and water
DIN EN 927-7	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 7: Assessment of knot staining resistance of wood coatings
DIN CEN/TS 927-8	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 8: Determination of the adhesion on wood after water exposure by a double-X-cut test
DIN CEN/TS 927-9	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 9: Determination of pull-off strength after water exposure
DIN EN 927-10	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 10: Resistance to blocking of paints and varnishes on wood
DIN EN 927-11	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 11: Assessment of air inclusions/microfoam in coating films
DIN EN 927-13	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 13: Assessment of resistance to impact of a coating on a wooden substrate
prEN 927-14	Paints and varnishes	Paints and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Determination of tensile properties of coating films
DIN EN 16492	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of the surface disfigurement caused by fungi and algae on coatings
DIN EN 16755	Fire protection coatings	Durability of reaction to fire performance - Classes of fire-retardant treated wood products in interior and exterior end use application
DIN EN ISO 1522	Paints and varnishes	Pendulum damping test
DIN EN ISO 2409	Paints and varnishes	Cross-cut test
DIN EN ISO 2431	Paints and varnishes	Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
DIN EN ISO 2808	Paints and varnishes	Determination of film thickness
DIN EN ISO 2810	Paints and varnishes	Natural weathering of coatings - Exposure and assessment
DIN EN ISO 2811-1	Paints and varnishes	Determination of density - Part 1: Pycnometer method
DIN EN ISO 2813	Paints and varnishes	Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85°
DIN EN ISO 2884-1	Paints and varnishes	Determination of viscosity using rotary viscometers - Part 1
DIN EN ISO 3251	Paints and varnishes and Plastics	Determination of non-volatile-matter content
DIN EN ISO 3668	Paints and varnishes	Visual comparison of colour of paints
DIN EN ISO 4624	Paints and varnishes	Pull-off test for adhesion
DIN EN ISO 4628-1	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 1: General introduction and designation system
DIN EN ISO 4628-2	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering
DIN EN ISO 4628-3	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
DIN EN ISO 4628-4	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking
DIN EN ISO 4628-5	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
DIN EN ISO 4628-6	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking by tape method
DIN EN ISO 6504-3	Paints and varnishes	Determination of hiding power of paints for masonry and concrete
DIN EN ISO 7783	Paints and varnishes	Determination of water-vapour transmission properties - Cup method
DIN EN ISO 15184	Paints and varnishes	Determination of film hardness by pencil test
DIN EN ISO 16474-2	Paints and varnishes	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
DIN EN ISO 16474-3	Paints and varnishes	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
prEN 16492	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of the surface disfigurement caused by fungi and algae on coatings
DIN CEN/TS 16358 DIN SPEC 91029	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Assessment of air inclusions/microfoam in coating films
DIN CEN/TS 16359 DIN SPEC 91030	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Assessment of knot staining resistance of wood coatings
DIN CEN/TS 1636 DIN SPEC 91031	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Assessment of film extensibility by indentation of a coating on a wooden substrate
DIN CEN/TS 16498 DIN SPEC 91032	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Assessment of tannin staining
DIN CEN/TS 16700 DIN SPEC 55675	Paints and varnishes	Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Assessment of resistance to impact of a coating on a wooden substrate

Testing of diverse materials

Standard	Group	Title
DIN 19268	pH-measurement	pH-measurement of aqueous solutions
DIN EN 318	Wood-based panels	Determination of dimensional changes associated with changes in relative humidity
DIN EN 321	Wood-based panels	Determination of moisture resistance under cyclic test conditions
DIN EN 322	Wood-based panels	Determination of moisture content
DIN EN 438-2	High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL)	Sheets based on thermosetting resins (usually called laminates) - Part 2: Determination of properties
DIN EN 438-7	High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL)	Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 7: Compact laminate and HPL composite panels for internal and external wall and ceiling finishes
DIN EN 12086	Thermal insulating products for building applications	Determination of water vapour transmission properties
DIN EN 12087	Thermal insulating products for building applications	Determination of long term water absorption by immersion
DIN EN 12091	Thermal insulating products for building applications	Determination of freeze-thaw resistance
DIN EN 15534-1	Plastics (WPC / NFC)	Composites made from cellulose-based materials and thermoplastics (usually called wood-polymer composites (WPC) or natural fibre composites (NFC)) - Part 1: Test methods for characterisation of compounds and products
DIN EN 15534-4	Plastics (WPC / NFC)	Composites made from cellulose-based materials and thermoplastics (usually called wood-polymer composites (WPC) or natural fibre composites (NFC)) - Part 4: Specifications for decking profiles and tiles
DIN EN 15534-5	Plastics (WPC / NFC)	Composites made from cellulose-based materials and thermoplastics (usually called wood-polymer composites (WPC) or natural fibre composites (NFC)) - Part 5: Specifications for cladding profiles and tiles
DIN EN ISO 62	Plastics	Determination of water absorption
DIN EN ISO 291	Plastics	Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
DIN EN ISO 527	Plastics	Determination of tensile properties
DIN EN ISO 4892-1	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance
DIN EN ISO 4892-2	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
DIN EN ISO 4892-3	Plastics	Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
DIN EN ISO 6507	Metallic materials	Vickers hardness test
DIN EN ISO 8510	Adhesives	Peel test for a flexible-bonded-to-rigid test specimen assembly - Part 2: 180 degree peel
DIN EN ISO 11502	Plastics	Determination of blocking resistance
DIN EN ISO 11664	Colorimetry	CIE standard colorimetric observers
DIN EN ISO 12572	Thermal insulation of buildings and components	Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of water vapour transmission properties - Cup method
DIN EN ISO 18314-1	Analytical colorimetry	Analytical colorimetry - Part 1: Practical colour measurement
prEN 16492	Paints and varnishes	Evaluation of the surface disfigurement caused by fungi and algae on coatings
DIN ISO 2115	Plastics	Polymer dispersions - Determination of white point temperature and minimum film-forming temperature
ISO 554		Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing

Damage analysis

The fast and unequivocal clarification of cases of damage to coated wood, wood bondings, wood-based materials and solid wood requires a combination of practical experience and specialized scientific methods. For damage analyses, we apply specific scientific and forensic methods and continuously develop these techniques further. Ongoing research as well as our participation on technical committees and in standardization bodies provides us with the latest findings at first hand. The experience gained from damage analyses also serves as a basis for the planning of new research projects.

Analysis of defects in coatings, bondings, wood-based materials and solid wood
Application of microscopic, spectroscopic, mechanical and forensic methods
Clarification of claims for companies, courts and assessors

Binders and Coatings